EN-590 Diesel
EN-590 diesel (ultra low sulfur diesel)
EN590 specifies the quality and physical properties of automotive diesel fuel required for sale in the European Union, Croatia, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. Developed alongside European emission standards, EN590 has evolved over time to support ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), introduced in 2007 to reduce harmful emissions. Since sulfur no longer serves as a natural lubricant in ULSD, additives are now included to fulfill this function.
Key Features of EN590 Diesel
EN590-compliant diesel is designed for use in modern diesel engines and adheres to the requirements of Euro 4 and Euro 5 emission standards. Different grades are available for varying climates, based on the limiting filterability temperature: Grade C: -5°C Grade D: -10°C Grade E: -15°C Grade F: -20°C Low sulfur content significantly reduces sulfur oxide emissions, benefitting urban areas with high air pollution.
Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel (ULSD)
ULSD, a highly refined diesel with drastically reduced sulfur levels, has been the standard in Europe and North America since 2006. By limiting sulfur content, ULSD supports advanced emissions control technologies that lower particulate matter emissions.
Impacts and regulations
Europe
The Euro IV standard (2005) set a sulfur cap of 50 ppm for most highway vehicles. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (10 ppm) became widely available by 2008, aligning with the Euro V standard introduced in 2009. Some EU countries, like Germany and Nordic nations, encouraged earlier adoption through tax incentives.
North America
Emissions standards reliant on ULSD have been in effect for vehicles since 2007. However, ULSD requires intensive processing, leading to lower energy content, reduced fuel economy, and higher costs.
This transition to cleaner diesel has been critical in reducing vehicle emissions and improving air quality, though certain regions and industries received temporary exemptions to ease the transition.